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Lynchburg is a city in the south-central region of the U.S. state of Tennessee. It is governed by a consolidated city-county government unit whose boundaries coincide with those of Moore County. Lynchburg is best known as the location of Jack Daniel's, whose famous Tennessee whiskey is marketed worldwide as the product of a city with only one traffic light. Despite the operational distillery, which is a major tourist attraction, Lynchburg's home county of Moore is a dry county. The population was 6,362 at the 2010 census (this figure also represents the population of Moore County). Lynchburg is part of the Tullahoma, Tennessee Micropolitan Statistical Area. The downtown area is listed on the National Register of Historic Places as the Lynchburg Historic District. ==History== Settlers first arrived in the Lynchburg area around 1801. Main Street was originally the main road, and roughly followed the route of East Fork Mulberry Creek. Residences were generally located in the western half of Lynchburg, while industries were situated along the creek in the eastern half. One early settler, Thomas Roundtree, established a cotton mill along the creek in the vicinity of the modern Jack Daniel's Distillery. By the 1830s, another settler, William P. Long, was operating a gristmill and cotton gin. Early Lynchburg was also home to a large tannery.〔Carroll Van West, Megan Dobbs, and Brian Eades, (National Register of Historic Places Nomination Form for Lynchburg Historic District ), Southern Places Database (MTSU Center for Historic Preservation), 1995.〕 The origin of the city's name is unclear. An article in an 1876 issue of the ''Lynchburg Sentinel'' suggests an early settler named the city after his native Lynchburg, Virginia.〔 The ''WPA Guide to Tennessee'' (1939) states the city was named after an early resident named Tom Lynch.〔Cathy Summerlin, ''(Traveling Tennessee: A Complete Tour Guide to the Volunteer State )'' (Thomas Nelson Inc., 1999), ch. 47.〕 An article by Jeanne Ridgway Bigger in the Spring 1972 issue of the ''Tennessee Historical Quarterly'' states the city was named after a "Judge Lynch", who presided over a vigilante committee that met in the city sometime after the War of 1812.〔Jeanne Ridgway Bigger, "Jack Daniel's Distillery and Lynchburg: A Visit to Moore County, Tennessee," ''Tennessee Historical Quarterly'', Vol. 31, No. 1 (Spring 1972), pp. 3-21.〕 During the Civil War, residents of Lynchburg generally supported the Confederacy.〔 Company E of the Confederate Army's 1st Tennessee Cavalry consisted primarily of Lynchburg residents.〔 A monument to the area's Confederate soldiers stands on the lawn of the Moore County Courthouse. In 1871, Moore County was created from parts of Lincoln, Bedford, Coffee, and Franklin counties (Lynchburg had been part of Lincoln). In June 1873, Lynchburg was chosen as the county seat of Moore, due in part to its central location within the new county's boundaries.〔 The county commissioners established a courthouse square along Main Street, the pattern of which was influenced by the square in nearby Shelbyville.〔 Two schools, the Lynchburg Male and Female Institute and the Lynchburg Normal School, were established during this period, and several church congregations built elaborate new churches.〔 During the 1870s, Lynchburg was situated at the center of an agrarian economic triangle consisting of Tullahoma to the northeast, Shelbyville to the northwest, and Fayetteville to the south. As such, the city developed into an important mule trading center. The city was also home to a rising number of distilleries. By the 1880s, fifteen registered distilleries were operating in Moore County, with the most productive being Tom Eaton's Distillery, and the second-most productive being the now-famous Jack Daniel's.〔 The distilleries provided a convenient market for local corn growers, and the leftover corn slop (after the alcohol was extracted) was used as feed for hogs and cattle.〔"(Historical Sketch of Moore County )," ''Lynchburg Sentinel'', 1876, p. 6. Compiled by Joan C. Ferguson. Accessed at the MTSU Center for Historic Preservation's Southern Spaces database, 20 March 2014.〕 On December 4, 1883, a fire destroyed nearly half of Lynchburg, including the courthouse and much of the courthouse square. A new courthouse (the present building) was completed in 1885. A separate jail (now a museum) was erected across the street in 1893.〔 The rise of automobile traffic and the establishment of a state highway system in the early 20th century led to a commercial boom in Lynchburg, and many of the buildings on the courthouse square were built during this period. By 1920, Lynchburg had several schools and churches, a weekly newspaper, two banks, and several "flourishing business establishments."〔 The passage of a state law barring the manufacture of liquor in 1909 effectively shut down the city's distilleries. Although prohibition was repealed at the federal level in 1933, it remained in effect in Tennessee. Lem Motlow (1869–1947), a state senator and nephew of Jack Daniel, led efforts to repeal the state's prohibition laws. In 1937, the state repealed the law barring the manufacture of alcoholic beverages, and Motlow reopened the Jack Daniel's Distillery. In 1939, the state passed a "local option" law, allowing each county to choose (via referendum) whether or not to allow the sale of alcoholic beverages.〔W. Calvin Dickinson, "(Temperance )," ''Tennessee Encyclopedia of History and Culture''. Retrieved: 20 March 2014.〕〔"(Repeal of Prohibition )," TN.gov. Retrieved: 20 March 2014.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Lynchburg, Tennessee」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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